F 

S2.2.S2. 


UC-NRLF 


*C     14     fi^fl 


t»TKi*_j<*- 


What  lire  ml 


mean  co  wu 


i 


ns 


■■ 


This  hook  was  §ref>ared  by  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the 

San  Diego-California  Club 

for  the  benefit  of  our  Honorary  Members 

to  visualize  life  in  San  Diego 

as  you  will  actually  find  it  ufcon  arrival 


»      *  »  . 


u/a4/a»i 


The  Home  Port  oj  more  than  half  the  warships  oj  the  Pacijic  Fleet 


What  Life  WW  Mean  to  You 

"Every  man  is  rich  or  ftoor  according  to  the  degree 
in  which  he  can  afford  to  enjoy  the  necessaries, 
conveniences  and  amusements  of  human  life." 

--Adam    Smith.    1776 


DIEGO  citizens  claim  no 
superiority  for  their  city  be- 
cause it  possesses  paved  streets, 
electric  lights,  sewers  and  side- 
walks. These  things  are,  for- 
tunately, adjuncts  of  life  in  every  modern 
American  city 

The  eighty-five  thousand  permanent 
residents,  and  ten  thousand  half-year  guests 
of  this  thriving,  modern  city  find  satisfac- 
n  and  delight  in  living  here  because  of  an 
appealing  combination  of  exceptional  ad- 
vantages which  has  caused  the  population 
to  double  within  the  last  ten  years. 


Climate,  beauty  of  surroundings,  acces- 
sibility, geographical  location  and  its  com- 
manding position  as  one  of  the  three  natural 
deep  water  ports  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  the 
United  States,  all  are  factors  that  influence 
notably  the  daily  life  of  the  people,  and 
the  steady  growth  of  the  city. 

To  these  considerations  has  just  been 
added  another  in  the  opening  of  a  new 
transcontinental  railroad  route,  over  the 
San  Diego  and  Arizona  Railway  and  its 
eastern  connections.  The  new  route  tra- 
verses, and  brings  into  direct  connection 
with  ocean  commerce,  the  Imperial  Valley, 


>66 


A  squadron  of  big  fellows  at  North  Island 


which  is  the  richest  farming  section  in  the 
world,  and  the  cattle,  mining  and  agri- 
cultural districts  of  New  Mexico  and  Ari- 
zona. It  is  the  shortest  route  to  the 
Pacific  coast  for  the  majority  of  the  in- 
habitants in  the  United  States  south  of 
Chicago  and  New  York  City. 

In  selecting  a  permanent  home,  climate 
is,  and  must  be,  a  consideration  of  moment. 
To  undervalue  its  importance  is  to  tamper 
with  life  itself,  for  man's  ingenuity,  which 
has  mitigated  somewhat  the  discomforts 
of  rigorous  climates,  cannot  cool  the  long, 
hot  night,  nor  temper  the  icy  wind.  It 
cannot  stop  the  rain  or  snow,  nor  change  a 
cloudy  day  to  bright,  and  no  mechanical 
device  will  ever  furnish  endless  weeks  and 
months  when  it  is  more  pleasant  to  be  out 
of  doors  than  in  the  house. 

It  was  not  by  chance  that  Juan  Rodriguez 
Cabrillo,  discoverer  of  San  Diego  bay, 
entered  it  on  a  day  when  the  sun  was  shining 
and  the  air  was  warm  and  balmy.     Had 


he  and  his  sailors  come  at  .any  season  of  the 
year,  as  visitors  and  new  residents  now  so 
easily  do,  they  would  have  experienced  the 
same  lightness  of  heart  which  the  air  and 
surroundings  inspired  the  mahogany  skinned 
sailors  to  chronicle  in  their  log,  in  the  year 
A.  D.  1542. 

Cool  in  summer,  warm  in  winter,  the 
temperature  of  San  Diego  runs  so  evenly 
that,  on  a  basis  of  forty  years'  observation 
the  United  States  weather  bureau,  through 
its  San  Diego  meteorologist,  has  issued  a 
chart  from  which  anyone  can  determine, 
with  fair  certainty,  just  about  the  degree 
of  warmth  or  coolness  at  any  particular 
week  in  the  year,  always  with  the  knowledge 
that  there  are  only  nine  days,  on  an  average, 
in  the  whole  365  when  the  sun  does  not 
shine. 

A  portion  of  the  weather  bureau  state- 
ment says: 

"For  instance,  we  may  say  that  for  those 
weeks  of  the  year  that  stand  out  prominent- 


An  afternoon  on  the  Bay 


ly  because  they  contain  one  or  more  national 
holidays,  the  temperatures  given  below  are 
more  likely  to  occur  than  any  others : 

NAME  OF  WEEK  TEMPERATURE 

MAX.  MIN. 

New  Year's,  Jan.  1-7 63    46 

Washington's  Birthday,  Feb.  19-25  63  48 
Decoration  Day,  May  28-June  3..  67    57 

Independence  Day,  July  2-8 71     61 

Labor  Day,  Sept.  4-10 73    62 

Thanksgiving  Day,  Nov.  20-26 66    50 

Christmas,  Dec.  25-31 63     47 

"This  is  to  be  found  only  in  climatic 
zones  like  the  one  in  which  San  Diego  is 
situated.'* 

The  main  reason  for  this  almost  perfect 
climate,  which  is  found  nowhere  else  in  the 
United  States,  is  what  is  technically  known 
as  an  area  of  high  barometric  pressure. 
This  area  exists  continuously  either  over 
San  Diego  or  to  the  northwest,  and  is  an 
effective  buffer  against  the  storms  which, 
coming  out  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  regularly 


cross  the  United  States.  Thus  diverted, 
the  storms,  striking  the  northern  coast, 
swing  southward  with  modifying  velocity 
until  at  San  Diego  about  all  that  is  experi- 
enced is  a  gentle  rain,  usually  at  night. 

This  high  pressure  area  also  wards  against 
the  storms  which  sweep  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  to  the  east  a  mountain  range 
shuts  off  the  desert  winds. 

There  has  never  been  a  storm  of  sufficient 
intensity  to  damage  shipping  in  the  harbor, 
and  high  winds  are  almost  unknown. 
Cabrillo  experienced  one  in  his  cockleshell, 
"but  took  no  harm",  he  wrote. 

With  sunny  days  all  the  year  'round,  the 
greatest  percentage  of  sunshine  is  in  what 
are  known  as  the  winter  months.  Thunder- 
storms, hailstorms  and  windstorms  may  be 
said  not  to  occur,  and  the  winter  months 
are  warmer  than  those  of  the  far-famed 
Riviera. 

Summer  nights  are  cool  enough  for  a 
blanket ;  porches  facing  the  ocean  breeze  are 


*  *  *>&>*''  i-u&h 


4l 

Miles  of  Beaches  like  this 


a  bit  cool  in  the  evening,  but  in  the  lee  of 
the  house  the  air  is  soft  and  pleasant.  On 
the  rare  days  when  the  temperature  approxi- 
mates the  warmth  of  summer  days  elsewhere, 
the  breeze  is  always  cool  in  the  abundant 
shade. 

For  days  and  weeks,  the  average  tem- 
perature is  virtually  the  same,  and  to  those 
who  are  weary  of  blizzards,  tornadoes, 
torrential  downpours  of  rain,  weeks  of  clouds, 
scorching  winds,  suffocating  nights,  and 
other  meteorological  nightmares,  San  Diego 
offers  a  haven  of  happiness. 

The  magnificent  results  already  achieved 
by  scientific  care  of  infants  are  themselves 
dwarfed  here  by  Nature,  and  official  examin- 
ations of  thousands  of  San  Diego  babies, 
under  classifications  provided  by  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  under 
direction  of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Labor,  have  established  the  fact  that 
infants  here  surpass  in  chest  measurement 
and  length  of  limb  the  average  infants  of 


the  East  and  Middle  West.  Of  five  men 
chosen  from  some  8,000  students  for  the 
University  of  California  strong-man  team  of 
1919-1920,  three  were  San  Diegans. 

,-.    The  beauty  of  California  women,  famed 

\  the  world  around,  springs  almost  altogether 
from  climatic  conditions  in  which  the  out- 
of-doors  attracts  every  month  in  the  year, 
'and  healthful  physiques  are  the  rule,  with 

.  no  harsh  winds  or  scorching  suns  to  mar  the 
texture  of  the  skin.  Their  keen  interest  in 
life  out-of-doors  also  develops,  along  with 
hunting,  fishing,  swimming,  golfing  and 
motoring,  a  type  of  mind  especially  alert. 

i  Freed  from  the  stresses  of  excessive  heat  and 
cold,  mental  faculties  of  men  and  women 
alike  react  strongly,  and  residents  find 
plenty  of  time  for  business,  diversion,  art, 
music  and  literature. 

.  More  streets  and  residences  in  San  Diego 
overlook  ocean  and  bay  than  in  any  other 
icity  in  the  United  States.  The  scalloped 
edges  of  the  slopes  which,  rising  gradually 


When  the  heart  beats  fast— polo  at  Coronado 


from  the  city,  drop  abruptly  on  the  outer 
edge  into  Mission  Valley,  or  swell  higher 
toward  the  mountains,  afford  a  series  of 
promontories  with  magnificent  views,  com- 
parable to  the  vistas  along  the  Hudson,  or 
along  the  Potomac  below  the  city  of 
Washington,  and  with  the  advantages  of 
city  residence  which  neither  of  those  locali- 
ties possess. 

Because  the  city  is  built  around  a  park, 
San  Diego  has  no  slums,  and  almost  any- 
where within  its  boundaries  is  a  good  place 
to  buy,  build  or  rent  a  home. 

With  such  abundance  of  beautiful  home 
sites,  land  values  and  rentals  are  reasonable, 
and,  unlike  many  cities,  San  Diego  has 
successfully  weathered  the  non-building 
period  of  the  war.  Now,  with  her  growing 
population,  there  are  still  numerous  splendid 
localities  for  further  development,  and  while 
real  estate  has  advanced  somewhat  and 
probably  will  continue  to  advance,  a  new- 
comer  at   present   may    rely   upon   more 


satisfactory  conditions  than  exist  in  any 
city  of  equal  size  in  the  United  States  at  the 
present  time. 

It  is  difficult  to  convey  adequately  the 
extent  of  these  opportunities.  In  every 
residence  section  of  the  city  the  streets 
are  home  streets,  with  broad  lawns,  semi- 
tropical  foliage  and  flowers  blooming  the 
year  'round.  Much  of  the  building  has 
been  done  in  recent  years,  and  is  of  the  types 
of  architecture  brought  to  their  perfection 
in  this  sunny  climate.  The  old-time  con- 
stricted construction,  in  which  beauty  was 
a  consideration  second  to  space  and  heating 
capacity,  is  largely  supplanted  here  by 
roomy  bungalows  and  well-dimensioned 
mansions.  Sleeping  porches  and  out-of- 
door  gardens  are  enjoyed  in  common  by  the 
possessors  of  big  and  little  homes. 

A  home  by  the  ocean,  by  San  Diego  bay, 
or  by  Mission  bay,  just  to  the  north;  a 
residence  close  to  Balboa  park  with  its 
hundreds  of  acres  of  gardens,  courts,  lawns 


Aquaplaning,  motorboating,  and  a  day's  fishing 


and  flowers,  or  on  an  upland  knoll  over- 
looking the  park,  bay  and  ocean ;  a  suburban 
estate  in  a  pleasant  valley,  or  among  or- 
chards and  vineyards,  or  the  orange  and 
lemon  groves  along  the  bay  shore — any  of 
these  is  optional  in  or  adjacent  to  the 
seventy-eight  square  miles  of  land  within 
the  city's  boundaries,  arteried  by  ninety- 
three  miles  of  street  railways. 

Wherever  the  home  is  situated,  it  is 
supplied  with  mountain  water,  caught  from 
the  clouds  by  the  peaks  encircling  the  city 
and  stored  in  upland  reservoirs  free  from 
the  possibility  of  contamination.  The  annual 
rainfall  in  the  city  is  about  ten  inches;  in 
the  uplands  it  rises  to  nearly  forty  inches, 
and  the  average  for  the  county  is  twenty 
inches, — sufficient  alike  for  the  requirements 
of  household  use,  the  exuberant  foliage, 
flower-garlanded  lawns,  and  gardens  of  the 
city,  and  for  irrigation  of  the  surrounding 
fruit  ranches. 


The  cost  of  food  in  San  Diego  is,  more 
nearly  than  elsewhere,  whatever  one  decides 
to  make  it,  with  the  additional  advantage 
of  a  constantly  changing  menu. 

A  soil  exceptionally  rich,  sunshine  the 
year  'round,  and  a  climate  beneficent  to  all 
fruits  and  products  of  the  semi-tropics  and 
the  temperate  zones,  combine  to  supply 
the  city  with  fresh  fruits  and  vegetables 
every  week  in  the  year. 

Farmers  skilled  in  the  rotation  of  crops 
actually  deliver  new  produce  from  their 
farms  to  commission  merchants  every  two 
weeks  without  intermission. 

Oranges  and  lemons  are  staples  all  the 
year  around,  as  are  cabbages,  radishes, 
lettuce  and  similar  vegetables.  January 
is  an  especially  good  month  for  strawberries, 
grapefruit,  celery,  tomatoes,  and  green  peas ; 
with  string  beans  added  in  February,  new 
potatoes  in  March,  raspberries  in  April, 
blackberries  in  May,  and  new  apples  in 
June,   as  additional  crops.     In  June  also 


Across  smooth  walers,—a  crew  jrom  the  Normal  School 


come  figs,  melons,  cherries,  plums  and  apri- 
cots, all  lasting  through  the  summer,  with 
prunes  added  in  July,  peaches  and  pears  in 
August,  and  other  garden  crops  ripening  in 
September  and  October.  With  the  cooler 
days  also  persimmons  and  pomegranates 
reach  their  best. 

Grapes  begin  to  appear  in  July  and  con- 
tinue in  wonderful  abundance  well  into  the 
winter. 

November  and  December  are  noted  for 
all  manner  of  green  table  delicacies,  including 
pumpkins  and  squashes.  Sweet  corn  ripens 
six  months  in  the  year. 

Farming  in  general  is  conducted  on 
moderate  acreages,  and  while  there  exist, 
to  this  day,  vast  ranches  obtained  under 
Spanish  or  Mexican  grants,  and  including 
twenty  thousand  acres  or  more  in  their 
confines,  these  are  not  usual.  A  few  acres 
here  return  a  larger  profit,  as  a  rule,  and 
keep  a  man  busier,  than  a  much  larger 
holding    in    the    Middle    West.    This    is 


because  of  the  succession  of  crops  through- 
out the  year,  the  high  value  of  these  crops, 
and  the  nature  of  the  soil. 

For  example,  there  is  a  good  living  on 
five  or  ten  acres  in  truck  gardening  or 
lemons. 

While  more  than  one  citizen  of  San  Diego 
picks  his  bananas  from  his  own  trees,  dates 
and  tropical  fruits  in  general  flourish  in 
greatest  quantity  in  the  Imperial  Valley, 
only  a  few  hours  from  San  Diego  over  the 
newly  opened  San  Diego  and  Arizona  Rail- 
way. The  surpassing  fertility  of  this 
district  is  easily  within  reach  of  San  Diegans 
and  supplies  them  with  many  table  deli- 
cacies. 

The  output  of  many  products  is  greater 
than  the  need.  The  overflow  is  shipped  by 
easy  water  transportation  to  cities  further 
north,  Seattle,  Washington,  being  a  notable 
customer;  and  by  the  same  routes  and  cheap 
transportation,  those  few  products  for  which 


The  opening  shots,— a  public  duck  drive 


the  lands  here  are  too  valuable  are  brought 
in. 

The  growing  of  avocados  (alligator  pears) 
is  a  steadily  developing  business,  with  the 
demand  in  excess  of  the  supply. 

It  is  perhaps  fitting  that  San  Diego, 
where  first  the  Spanish  padres  planted  olive 
trees,  is  now  one  of  the  greatest  olive  pro- 
ducing sections  in  California,  with  packing 
plants  and  factories  from  which  green  and 
ripe  olives  and  a  superior  grade  of  olive  oil 
are  shipped  to  every  portion  of  the  United 
States. 

The  city's  meat  supply  comes  principally 
from  the  upland  valleys  where  prize  cattle 
are  ranged  the  year  around,  with  summer 
range  in  the  Cleveland  National  forest. 
Twenty-eight  head  of  these  cattle,  entered 
at  the  National  Dairy  Show  at  Chicago, 
October  6th  to  12th,  1919,  took  seventy  per 
cent  of  the  Guernsey  prizes,  including 
twenty-nine  firsts,  and  the  banner  for  the 
best  showing  made  by  any  breeder.     There 


are  more  quality  Guernseys  on  the  nine-hun- 
dred acre  upland  farm  from  which  these  came 
than  on  any  dairy  farm  in  the  United 
States.  This  farm  is  an  example  of  the/ 
interests  found  in  San  Diego  city  and  county 
by  well-to-do  men  who  come  here  to  enjoy 
what  Nature  offers  in  beauty,  climate  andi 
opportunities  for  recreation. 

To  follow  up  the  threads  of  any  social, 
recreational  or  community  activity  in  San 
Diego  is  to  arrive  presently  at  the  city's 
wonderland  of  wonderlands,  Balboa  park. 

Spread  across  fourteen  hundred  acres  of 
lawns,  ravines,  canyons,  playgrounds,  golf 
courses ;  brilliant  with  the  hues  and  tints  of 
millions  of  flowers  throughout  the  year  and 
shaded  by  a  million  trees,  it  is,  in  the  life  of 
San  Diegans,  as  well  as  in  its  geographical 
location,  the  very  heart  of  the  city. 

Guests  of  municipalities,  elsewhere 
received  in  privately  maintained  accommo- 
dations, are  here  made  welcome  in  the 
Women's  building,  with  its  distinctive 


Coronado  looks  to  sea  past  the  sheltering  arm  of  Point  Loma 


decorations  in  persimmon  and  black,  which 
originating  here,  have  been  extensively 
reproduced.  The  formal  teas  on  open  bal- 
conies, and  dancing  in  the  plaza  below,  are 
alike  brilliant,  expecially  when,  as  is  often 
the  case,  the  officers  of  the  fleet  and  of  the 
army  stationed  here,  are  among  the  guests. 

To  the  park,  also,  come  the  people  of  San 
Diego  on  all  occasions  of  public  moment, 
assembling  in  the  great  stadium,  where 
fifty  thousand  souls  may  be  accommodated 
to  hear  a  President  address  the  largest 
audience  ever  reached  by  human  voice;  or 
to  enjoy  foot-ball  games,  chariot  races, 
track  events,  and  pageants,  all  staged  at  the 
same  time  in  the  great  arena  overlooking 
the  harbor.  Ben  Hur  racing  with  Messala 
at  Antioch  had  no  such  a  throng  of  spec- 
tators, and  no  such  stadium. 

To  these  unique  aspects  is  added  the 
distinction  of  being  the  center  of  the  city's 
cultural  life.  The  art  gallery  is  of  itself  an 
attraction   with   its   recurring  exhibits  of 


noted  collections,  but,  still  more  to  the 
honor  of  the  city,  and  of  the  park,  the  wings 
of  the  Art  building  and  other  buildings  are 
devoted  to  studios  where  any  artist  who 
will  work  faithfully  is  provided,  free  of  all 
cost,  with  a  studio,  and  numbers  avail 
themselves  of  this  privilege  and  incentive. 

Daily  music  in  the  park  is  provided  by 
the  great  out-of-door  pipe  organ,  really 
four  organs  in  one — with  nearly  five 
thousand  pipes,  built  at  a  cost  of  $100,000 
and  presented  to  the  park  by  two  citizens. 
Nowhere  else  in  the  world  is  there  such  an 
instrument,  built  out-of-doors,  because 
climatic  conditions  elsewhere  are  prohibi- 
tive. The  free  afternoon  recitals  with  seats 
provided  for  thousands  of  auditors  among 
the  flowers  and  birds  are  a  feature  of  San 
Diego  life. 

In  music  as  in  art,  active  development 
is  steadfastly  supported,  and  the  policy  of 
the  city's  largest  musical  club  includes 
encouragement   of   resident   musicians   no 


A  guest,  and  two  views,  at  Tent  City 


less  than  the  formal  presentation  of  eminent 
artists  in  public  recitals. 

The  park  museums,  with  their  exhibits  of 
ancient  life  and  architecture,  are  actively 
useful,  and  are  the  home  of  the  psychological 
clinic  of  the  public  schools,  which  is  not 
surpassed  by  any  in  the  country. 

The  exquisite  flower  courts,  the  rose 
garden  and  the  innumerable  shrubs  and 
plants  which  beautify  the  park  are  reflected 
in  the  lawns  and  gardens  of  private  resi- 
dences ;  and  flowers  seem  the  especial  province 
and  delight  of  San  Diego  women. 

Geraniums  grow  in  sturdy  hedges,  duly 
clipped  and  pruned;  marigolds  and  nas- 
turtiums swarm  over  knolls  and  hillocks 
without  cultivation;  the  California  poppy 
grows  wherever  the  seed  falls  and  the  wild 
lilac  spreads  its  bloom  in  the  Spring  over 
miles  of  mountains.  All  these  are  common 
as  weeds,  and  require  no  attention  except 
uprooting  when  they  trespass  too  much. 


But  to  nearly  every  home,  the  garden  of 
roses,  dahlias,  crysanthemums ;  its  fuschias, 
zinnias,  pansies,  asters;  its  begonias,  six 
feet  high,  its  blazing  hibiscus  and  poin- 
settia ;  with  the  snapdragon,  larkspur,  gilly- 
flower and  sweet  peas,  dear  to  the  old- 
fashioned  garden  "back  east",  are  a  matter 
of  daily  and  delightful  concern. 

The  interplay  of  business,  social  and  cul- 
tural relations  of  San  Diego  is  typified  in 
many  organizations.  Among  the  men  the 
Cuyamaca,  University,  Cabrillo,  Rowing, 
Advertising,  Rotary  and  Greeters'  clubs,  all 
are  active,  and  from  all  of  them,  as  well  as 
from  women's  clubs  and  many  citizens  with 
no  other  club  affiliations,  is  drawn  the  mem- 
bership of  the  San  Diego-California  Club. 

To  make  living  in  San  Diego  still  more 
attractive  and  to  tell  other  people  what 
life  means  here  are  the  two  purposes  of  this 
unusual  organization,  and  its  thousand 
members.  A  new  tennis  court  where  one  is 
needed,  support  of  a  bond  issue  for  further 


Down  town,  near  the  the  bay 


improvements,  and  the  financing  of  a  two 
hundred  thousand  dollar  advertising  cam- 
paign to  place  San  Diego  advantages  before 
those  who  would  enjoy  sharing  them,  all  are 
part  of  the  day's  work  of  this  club,  as 
distinct  from  the  usual  and  proper  activities 
of  organizations  purely  commercial,  and  it 
maintains  a  downtown  headquarters  where 
newcomers  are  made  welcome  by  club 
members  who  volunteer,  in  groups,  for  this 
purpose 

The  San  Diego  County  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs  is  the  longest  established 
of  any  county  federation  in  the  United 
States,  and  has  a  membership  of  fifty-six 
clubs.  Music,  literature,  business,  and 
athletics  all  have  their  active  organizations 
among  women  and  girls,  and  the  Boy  and 
C jirl  Scout  societies  flourish  exceptionally 
here  because  of  the  out-of-door  possibilities 
which  every  month  holds. 

With  nearly  perpetual  sunshine  in  which 
to  enjoy  a  variety  of  sports  provided  by 


ocean,  mountain  and  bay,  the  city  is  a 
paradise  for  hunters,  fishers  and  motorists. 

Game  of  nearly  every  sort  abounds. 
Ducks  in  season  are  so  plentiful  that  public 
shoots  are  held  twice  a  week  on  the  nearby 
lakes  and  reservoirs,  and  a  bag  of  a  thousand 
birds  from  one  of  these  shoots  is  not  excep- 
tional. 

Just  before  dawn  is  starting  time  in  San 
Diego  for  one  of  these  public  duck  drives, 
and  the  moon  hangs  low  over  the  eastern 
peaks,  but  already  the  waters  of  the  bay  are 
pink  with  reflection  of  the  coming  sunrise. 
The  drive  begins  at  seven  o'clock  on  a  lake, 
chosen  in  advance,  but  permits  are  signed, 
boat  numbers  are  issued,  and  a  score  of 
hunters  are  on  the  lake  a  quarter  of  an  hour 
sooner. 

The  lake,  very  likely,  has  a  dam  at  the 
base,  and  across  its  broad  expanse,  in  fairly 
even  line,  reaches  the  string  of  boats.  A 
brilliantly  clear  day  annoys  nobody.  The 
ducks  are  there,  and  they  will  fly.     The 


In  the  shopping  district 


director  of  the  hunt  comes  last,  sculling  his 
single  boat  to  the  middle  of  the  line,  and 
from  there  commanding  his  forces. 

A  pleasant  quiet,  like  that  of  a  Sunday 
morning,  prevails  as  the  line  of  boats  inches 
forward. 

An  instant  later,  the  air  is  full  of  ducks, 
and  men  in  every  boat  are  firing  as  fast  as 
their  repeaters  will  work,  calling  along  the 
line  to  hunters  in  other  boats,  and  watching 
to  see  where  their  ducks  hit  the  water. 

The  pounding  of  the  guns  is  reminiscent 
of  sham  battles.  The  spent  shot  rattles  in 
the  water  like  hail,  and  ducks  splash  every- 
where. The  fancy  hunters, — some  disdain 
anything  larger  than  a  twenty-gauge, — pot 
their  birds  head  on,  and  drop  them,  time 
after  time,  directly  in  front  of  their  boats. 
Most  of  the  shooters  are  satisfied  to  bring 
their  birds  down  anywhere.  Every  man 
shoots  as  he  pleases,  but  nobody  shoots  low. 


The  din  lasts  perhaps  thirty  seconds. 
Then  the  boats  break  line,  sculling  to  reach 
what  each  man  thinks  are  the  ducks  he  shot. 

The  birds,  one  remembers  afterward,  rose 
in  a  cloud  from  the  water,  straight  ahead. 
"Ruddies",  —  the  little  fellows,  esteemed 
by  many  as  next  to  canvasback, — rise  with 
difficulty,  and  rejoice  in  the  nickname  of 
"splattertails".  They  fly  low,  straight  at 
the  boats,  and  it  is  a  poor  hunter  who  cannot 
get  as  many  as  he  can  reasonably  desire. 

The  big  fellows,  canvasback,  widgeon, 
mallards,  and  all  the  rest,  fly  high.  Their 
ancestors,  ten  years  ago,  would  have  been 
safe,  but  they  are  within  the  reach  of  modern 
ammunition  and  guns,  handled  skilfully. 

The  rush  of  the  big  and  little  birds  is 
astonishing  to  the  point  of  dismay.  The 
air  is  full  of  them,  and  alive  with  the  beating 
of  their  wings.  There's  no  need  to  shoot 
above  another  man's  boat ;  there's  plenty  of 
shooting  right  at  home. 


A  turn  in  the  road 


The  line  re-forms  and  moves  forward,  and 
fifteen  minutes  later,  the  scene  is  repeated. 
The  big  fellows  who  have  been  backing  up 
the  lake,  are  well  scared,  and  are  beginning 
their  break  for  freedom.  They  still  fly  high, 
but  now  they  are  rising  closer  to  the  line  of 
boats  and  are  easier  to  get.  The  "ruddies" 
are  as  plentiful  as  ever,  and  the  bag  is  good. 

From  eight  o'clock  until  half  past  eleven, 
this  performance  is  repeated.  The  shooting 
becomes  stronger  and  better  toward  the 
upper  end  of  the  lake,  and  everybody  is 
happy. 

When  the  last  cloud  has  flown  overhead, 
there  is  a  chugging  in  the  rear  of  the  line, 
and  a  husky  launch  picks  up  the  boats,  one 
by  one,  for  the  tow  back.  The  hunters 
climb  aboard  and  smoke  comfortably  on  the 
trip  down  the  lake. 

A  mile  from  the  dam,  the  launch  stops, 
and  the  line  of  boats  widens  across  the  water 
again.     Ahead  are  thousands  of  ducks  which 


flew  past  the  hunt  in'the  morning  drive,  and 
they  furnish  two  hours  more  of  good  sport. 

Back  again,  at  the  dam,  the  birds  are 
counted,  autos  are  unparked,  and  an  hour 
and  a  half  later  the  hunters  are  back  in 
town.  Each  drive  is  limited,  by  common 
consent,  to  fifty  men. 

Fishing,  like  shooting,  is  everybody's 
sport.  Here  is  the  home  of  the  Tuna  Club, 
made  up  of  Coronadoans  who  have  caught 
one  of  the  great  fish  with  tackle  of  prescribed 
size. 

The  vast  kelp  fields  just  beyond  Point 
Lorn  a  are  alive  with  barracuda,  Spanish 
mackerel,  bonita,  skipjack,  yellowtail,  and 
many  other  varieties. 

Bay  fishing  is  almost  equally  varied,  and 
slightly  closer  at  hand.  A  boy  in  a  rowboat, 
with  fifteen  cents  worth  of  tackle,  is  reason- 
ably sure  of  coming  back  with  a  halibut  of 
size  adequate  to  the  needs  of  the  dinner 
table;  and  for  the  youngster  who  has  no 
boat,  miles  of  clear  water  along  the  piers 


Ramona's  Marriage  Place 


and  wharves  supply  a  splendid  fishing 
ground. 

Surf  fishing  is  perhaps  a  sport  by  itself, 
to  be  enjoyed  with  wading  boots,  and  lines 
whirled  far  out.  Corvina  and  spot  fin 
croakers  are  caught  in  this  way.  Devotees 
of  this  sport  generally  are  good  sea,  bay  and 
fresh-water  fishermen  as  well.  It  is  a  sort 
of  post  graduate  course  in  fishing. 

The  great  mountain  reservoirs  are  famous 
bass  and  trout  feeding  places,  and  the 
upland  streams  are  consistently  stocked  by 
the  State  Game  and  Fish  Commission. 

To  San  Diegans  the  clear  waters  of  the 
bay  are  almost  as  much  a  recreation  field 
as  the  land  itself.  The  noon-day  swim  at 
the  rowing  club  is  an  institution  among 
business  men,  and  numbers  of  them  point 
proudly  to  continuing  years  without  a  day 
missed  from  their  plunge  in  the  bay. 
Launch  parties,  motor-boating,  aquaplan- 
ing, beach  suppers  and  clam  bakes  furnish 
unending  diversion.  The  warm  ocean  teems 


with  life  and  a  favorite  day  excursion  is  a 
trip  to  the  Coronado  islands,  eighteen  miles 
from  shore,  where  birds  and  seals  and  the 
interesting  life  of  submarine  gardens  attract 
thousands. 

In  water  sports,  generally,  the  part  taken 
by  San  Diego  women  is  possibly  even 
greater  than  the  participation  of  the  men. 
A  girls'  rowing  club  with  two  hundred 
members  has  nine  crews  of  fourteen  oars- 
women  each  who  row  twice  a  week  through 
the  winter  and  enjoy  picnics  and  swimming  in 
summer.  The  Normal  school  has  two  girls' 
crews,  and  the  High  school  and  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
each  have  one;  and  various  other  girls' 
organizations  have  swimming  and  rowing 
departments. 

Coronado  peninsula,  which  forms  the  outer 
rim  of  the  bay,  offers  a  greater  diversity  of 
sports  and  amusements  than  any  similar 
area  in  the  United  States.  Here  in  mid- 
winter come  the  poloists  from  the  storm- 
bound East,  with  their  strings  of    nimble, 


An  Inn  by  the  Sea— Del  Mar 


sagacious  ponies,  and  from  January  until 
April  a  continuing  series  of  polo  tourna- 
ments thrill  the  spectators.  Tennis  and 
golf  are  daily  pastimes. 

A  few  hundred  feet  of  white  sand  sepa- 
rates bay  and  ocean  and  offers  the  alterna- 
tive of  surf  bathing  or  swimming  in  still 
water  of  a  somewhat  higher  temperature. 
Here,  also,  in  the  cove,  is  anchored  the  fleet 
of  the  San  Diego  yacht  club. 

Between  these  beaches,  along  orderly 
little  avenues,  are  the  summer-time  palm 
thatched  canvas  houses  of  Tent  City,  which 
every  year  attracts  multitudes  from  every 
torrid  stretch  of  country  within  hundreds  of 
miles.  Its  swimming,  bathing,  band  con- 
certs, dancing  pavilion;  its  cafeterias,  read- 
ing and  club  rooms,  its  children's  pool  for 
youngsters  too  tiny  to  venture  into  ocean 
or  bay;  its  rowing,  sailing  and  fishing,  its 
immediate  proximity  to  Coronado  city,  with 
its  wonderful  homes  and  gardens  and  drives, 
and  the  fascination  of  warships  in  the  bay 


with  their  shore  parties  of  sailors  and 
officers,  combine  to  make  this  a  summer 
resort  of  unusual  attraction. 

Regardless  of  athletic  inclinations,  the 
American  people  have  virtually  become  a 
nation  of  motorists,  and  for  the  man  or 
woman  who  enjoys  motoring,  San  Diego  is 
almost  elysium. 

Every  traveled  road  out  of  the  city  is  a 
scenic  drive.  In  the  scientific  road  con- 
struction which  has  made  California  roads 
famous  throughout  the  United  States  for 
number  and  quality,  this  county  was  a 
pioneer,  and  within  its  confines  millions  of 
dollars  have  been  poured  out. 

Perhaps  nowhere  else  is  there  to  be  found 
such  an  astonishing  variety  of  loop  trips 
which  the  motorist  can  easily  make  in  time 
varying  from  one  hour  to  two  days,  travers- 
ing upland  valleys  and  mountain  passes,  and 
eventually  reaching  six  thousand  feet  ele- 
vations without  any  of  the  abrupt  climbs 
generally  found.    This  partly  because  of 


The  Stadium,  where  an  audience  of  50,000, 


natural  contour,  with  many  valleys  opening 
down  to  the  sea,  and  partly  because  the 
four  hundred  miles  of  boulevards  were  care- 
fully engineered  and  follow  easy  gradients. 

To  go  into  the  mountains  does  not  mean 
leaving  the  sea.  Nearly  seventy  miles  from 
San  Diego,  the  motorist,  amid  mountain 
peaks,  looks  back  across  bay  and  ocean 
sparkling  in  the  sunlight. 

A  recent  survey  of  various  routes  indicated 
that  a  solid  month  of  motoring  would  be 
required  to  cover  only  the  most  direct  and 
most  used  trips  and  loops  in  the  county,  and 
motorists  whose  mileage  runs  into  many 
thousands  are  still  finding  new  places  to  go, 
new  views  to  be  enjoyed  and  new  oppor- 
tunity for  sports. 

In  a  half  day  one  may  easily  visit  the 
great  army  and  navy  aviation  fields  at 
North  Island,  tour  the  beautiful  winding 
streets  of  Coronado,  spin  down  the  smooth 
road  between  bay  and  ocean  on  a  narrow 
peninsula,  drop  into  Old  Mexico  at  the 
border  town  of  Tijuana,  and  return 
through  an  almost  uninterrupted  succession 
of  orange  and  lemon  groves  sloping  down  to 
the  bay, — and  this  is  one  of  perhaps  a  dozen 
half-day  loop  tours,  although  any  of  them 
might  well  be  lengthened  by  stops  at  pictur- 


esque and  interesting  places.  Of  these  Ti- 
juana is  a  notable  example,  with  its  quaint 
customs,  its  citadel  and  garrison,  and  its 
curio  shops.  Among  these  varying  interests 
almost  anyone  is  sure  to  find  some  amuse- 
ment which  appeals  particularly  to  him. 
There  is  exemption  from  duty  on  purchases 
of  curios  up  to  a  value  of  two  dollars,  and 
tobacco  to  the  value  of  fifty  cents,  which 
enables  the  visitor  to  bring  back  into  the 
United  States  quaint  trinkets  and,  if  desired, 
a  pocketful  of  black,  Mexican  cigarettes; 
and  the  traffic  in  postcards,  depicting 
Mexican  scenes  and  mailed  from  a  foreign 
country,  is  brisk.  From  Tijuana,  also,  a 
road  leads  to  Ensenada,  the  capital  of 
Lower  California,  situated  on  the  seacoast, 
and  for  many  years  a  health  and  pleasure 
resort. 

Everywhere  in  the  country  around  San 
Diego  upland  and  mountain  inns  and  resorts 
abound.  Nor  are  they  of  the  sort  so  often 
found  where  city  food  is  transferred  in  cans 
to  be  served  at  country  tables.  Fresh  milk, 
fresh  eggs,  fresh  poultry,  home-made  jams 
and  preserves,  home-made  bread,  pastry  and 
cookies  are  plentiful  on  their  tables.  Wher- 
ever one  stops  the  food  is  good. 


td  by  human  voice,  heard  President  Wilson 


Up  the  coast  to  the  north  along  a  road 
which  seldom  leaves  the  shore  line  are  pretty 
villages,  including  La  Jolla  and  Del  Mar, 
where  the  Stratford  Inn  with  its  beautiful 
gardens,  its  great  bathhouse  and  plunge, 
and  its  surf  bathing,  delight  motorists  and 
vacation  seekers.  Winding  roads  lead  among 
canyons  where  many  attractive  homes  have 
been  built,  each  with  its  separate  and  special 
view  of  the  ocean  and  its  rugged  surround- 
ings artistically  gardened.  From  the  crest 
of  Del  Mar,  Catalina  Islands  and  San 
Jacinto  Mountains  are  seen  on  clear  days, 
far  to  the  north,  and  many  picturesque 
canyons  and  observation  points  delight  the 
visitor.  Here  Bayard  Taylor  wrote  his 
famous  poem,  "Paso  Del  Mar*'.  Yellow 
tail,  corvina,  sea  bass,  barracuda,  tuna  and 
other  fish  abound,  and,  in  season,  dove, 
quail,  curlew,  duck,  rabbit  and  other  hunt- 
ing is  good.  It  is  near  Del  Mar  that  the 
Torrey  Pines,  a  peculiar  and  picturesque 
species  found  but  one  other  place  in  the 
world,  attract  travelers. 

A  tour  further  north  through  the  little 
town  of  Oceanside  and  up  a  charming  valley 
to  the  ancient  Mission  of  San  Luis  Rey  de 
Francia.  is  a  matter  of  hours;  and  further 
up  the  valley  is  the  pretty  Pala  Mission, 


where  Indians  still  attend  services  as  they 
did  in  the  earliest  days  of  the  fathers.  The 
campanile  at  Pala  is  a  famous  bit  of  archi- 
tecture. Here  also  are  gem  mines,  the 
focus  of  an  area  producing  every  precious 
stone,  except  diamonds,  and  often  called 
the  "gem  casket  of  America."  Within  a 
space  not  more  than  five  miles  wide  and 
twenty-five  miles  long,  are  found  tourmaline, 
topaz,  beryl,  garnet,  hyacinth,  aquamarine 
and  kunzite,  a  wonderful  gem  almost  as 
hard  as  a  diamond,  and  discovered  nowhere 
else  in  the  world.  Here  also  are  lithia  and 
lepidolite  mines,  the  output  of  which  is 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  military  fire- 
works. These  mines  were  discovered  by  a 
prospector  who  noted  a  tourmaline  crystal 
on  the  edge  of  a  small  pyramid  erected  by 
a  colony  of  red  ants,  and  from  this  beginning 
unearthed  masses  of  gems. 

To  the  east,  Palomar  Mountain  resort 
rises  amid  oaks  and  cedars  and  acres  of 
ferns,  which  in  the  shade  grow  as  high  as  a 
man's  head.  This  is  also  apple  country  to 
the  man  who  likes  apples,  and  fishing 
country  to  the  man  who  likes  to  fish,  with 
its  tumbling  trout  brooks  among  the 
mountains. 


The  ancient  Mission  of  San  Luis  Rey  de  Francia 


A  little  further  east  and  accessible  by 
direct  road  from  San  Diego  is  Warner  Hot 
Springs,  once  a  stage  station  on  the  longest 
stage  line  in  the  world,  operating  between 
St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco.  Across  this 
ranch  in  the  year  of  the  Declaration  of 
American  Independence  marched  the 
Spanish  Captain  Anza  on  his  way  to  found 
San  Francisco,  and  in  its  green  meadows 
rested  the  wearied  troops  of  General  Philip 
Kearny,  after  their  march  across  the  desert 
to  wrest  California  from  the  Mexicans  in 
1846.  Not  far  distant  was  fought  the 
battle  of  San  Pasqual  in  which  this  small 
force  of  Americans  narrowly  saved  them- 
selves from  annihilation  by  Mexicans  deter- 
mined to  prevent  the  completion  of  their 
march  to  San  Diego.  There  are  forty- 
seven  thousand  acres  of  meadow  land  and 
mountains  in  the  rancho,  which  was  deeded 
to  Don  Juan  Warner  by  the  last  of  the 
Mexican  governors  of  California,  and  which 


still  stands  as  it  was  when  the  Mission 
fathers  first  came  to  this  land. 

The  nearest  town  is  thirty  miles  away. 
Wonderful  journeys  by  foot  or  horseback, 
and  splendid  fishing  trips  await  the  guest 
who  has  been  refreshed  by  baths  in  the 
hot  springs,  swimming  in  the  open-air 
plunge,  and  sleeping  through  the  long,  cool 
nights  in  one  of  the  little  adobe  houses 
which  are  assigned  to  guests.  The  summit 
of  Hot  Springs  mountain,  sixty-five 
hundred  feet,  the  highest  peak  in  San 
Diego  County,  affords  a  gigantic  panorama 
of  green  valleys  stretching  to  the  blue 
Pacific  on  the  west  and  the  grim  spread  of 
the  Colorado  desert,  reaching  to  and  beyond 
the  Salton  sea,  on  the  east. 

To  the  south  of  Warner  Hot  Springs  is 
the  little  town  of  Mesa  Grande,  where 
Powam  (the  place  of  rest)  Lodge  is  marked 
by  the  ancient  Indian  sign  of  the  broken 
arrow,  which,  in  olden  times  was  left  to 
indicate  a  stopping  place.     The  ninety-foot 


A  gift  of  two  citizens— the  outdoor  pipe  organ 


living  room  with  its  great  stone  fireplace,  its 
polished  floors  of  ohia  wood  brought  from 
the  Hawaiian  Islands,  its  screened  cabins 
and  cottages,  its  baths  and  swimming  pool 
vie  in  attraction  with  the  ancient  Indian 
dances  in  season,  and  the  cherry  orchards, 
where,  in  fruit  time,  the  guests  help  them- 
selves. 

Further  south  is  Pine  Hills  Lodge,  where 
sleeping  quarters  are  built  among  the  trees 
as  well  as  on  the  ground  and  sway  in  the 
breezes  among  the  pines.  This  is  a  great 
apple  country,  the  fruit  resembling  that  of 
western  New  York  and  Ohio  in  its  firmness 
and  flavor,  but  growing  as  large  as  the 
apples  of  Washington  and  Oregon.  The 
capital  of  this  apple  district  is  the  town  of 
Julian,  near  Pine  Hills,  the  center  also  of  the 
gold  mining  activities  of  this  region.  From 
these  mines  and  claims,  some  of  which  are 
now  in  operation,  millions  of  dollars  in  gold 
ore  have  been  taken  out.  Near  Pine  Hills 
is  also  a  wonderful  view  of  the  Imperial 


Valley,  and  the  road  running  south  curves 
around  Cuyamaca  lake,  one  of  the  city's 
great  reservoirs  sheltered  among  the  moun- 
tain peaks.  Still  to  the  south  the  road  runs 
between  mountain  ranges  along  meadows 
where  vaqueros  herd  stock  among  the 
rippling  brooks. 

Close  to  the  village  of  Descanso  is  Hul- 
burd  Grove,  an  estate  of  1800  acres  devoted 
entirely  to  the  recreation  of  the  public,  and 
including  a  superb  live  oak  grove  with 
other  forests  of  mountain  oak  and  pine,  and 
clumps  of  manzanitas.  Across  this  land  for 
nearly  two  miles  flows  the  Sweetwater  river, 
with  many  delightful  paths  and  trails,  and 
one  may  ride  all  day  over  such  trails  without 
leaving  the  ranch.  Here,  as  in  most  of  the 
resorts,  a  central  building  with  great  fire- 
places, is  surrounded  by  one  or  two-room 
cottages  and  tents.  Horseback  rides,  and 
camping  trips  are  specialties  here,  with  the 
keen  pleasure  of  exploring  miles  of  mountain 
trails,  making  camp,  frying  bacon,  cooking 


San  Diego's  threshold,  for  those  who  come  by  rail 


flapjacks  and  coffee  over  an  open  fire,  and 
sleeping  on  beds  of  leaves  beneath  the  stars. 
Notable  among  such  trips  are  those  into  the 
Cuyamaca  and  Laguna  mountains,  the 
latter  in  the  Cleveland  National  Forest,  and 
on  the  rim  of  Imperial  Valley.  The  wild 
lilac,  the  manzanita  and  a  multitude  of 
flowering  shrubs  and  plants  transform  the 
mountains  in  the  springtime  and  fill  the  air 
with  fragrance.  Camping  and  picnic  grounds 
for  motorists,  with  convenient  store,  are 
found  here. 

Near  Descanso  also  are  Oakzanita,  a 
mountain  resort;  Ellis'  ranch,  famous  for 
its  cuisine;  Buckman  Springs  with  its 
palatable  mineral  waters,  Campo  and 
Warren's  ranch,  near  the  Mexican  line,  and 
on  the  way  to  Imperial  Valley.  East  of 
Warren's  ranch  is  Jacumba,  where  sixteen 
hot  and  cold  springs  are  surrounded  by 
cottages  and  resorts,  and  where  a  new,  big 
resort  is  being  built. 


Nearer  town  are  the  Willows,  Alpine  and 
Flinn  Springs.  These  resorts  are  great  favor- 
ites among  San  Diegans,  with  their  Sunday 
chicken  dinners  all  the  year  around. 

Mountains,  valleys,  creeks  and  streams, 
fishing  and  hunting,  brilliant  days  and  cool 
nights,  and  the  altitudes,  varying  from  sea 
level  to  six  thousand  feet,  afford  recreation 
places  in  every  climate  from  the  semi- 
tropical  to  the  north  temperate  zones. 

There  are  also  scores  of  small  towns  and 
villages,  many  of  which  have  their  own 
fiestas,  such  as  Grape  Day  at  Escondido, 
where  from  the  abundance  of  the  Escondido 
and  San  Pasqual  valleys  all  guests  are  made 
welcome  to  as  much  as  they  can  carry  away 
of  the  fruit  of  the  vineyards. 

Rich  in  natural  advantages,  the  city  has 
no  greater  glory  than  her  public  school 
system,  reaching  from  kindergarten  to  the 
third  year  of  college  work,  with  college 
credits  fully  accepted  in  the  University  of 


Carrito  Gorge, — on  the  San  Diego  and  Arizona  Railway 


California,  and  institutions  of  similar  stand- 
ing. 

The  student  entering  the  San  Diego 
schools  at  any  time  does  so  without  the 
disadvantage  frequently  felt  in  changing 
from  one  city  to  another.  Every  school 
building  of  size  has  assigned  to  it  three 
coaching  teachers,  with  no  other  duties  than 
to  assist  children  in  adjusting  themselves 
quickly  in  courses  and  surroundings  which 
may  not  be  entirely  familiar  to  them.  These 
instructors  are  always  free  to  devote  their 
entire  time  to  counselling  students,  thus 
overcoming  what  sometimes  has  been  felt 
to  be  a  defect  in  public  as  against  private 
classes. 

In  each  of  the  larger  buildings,  also,  one 
of  the  men  teachers  is  chosen  for  his  especial 
ability  in  games  and  recreations,  and  is 
given  time  to  specialize  in  them,  and  to 
develop  the  interest  and  enthusiasm  of  all 
the  students.  The  purpose  here  is  to 
attract  general   interest   in  healthful  out- 


door activities  rather  than  to  develop  cham- 
pions. 

The  university  work  affords  the  advan- 
tages of  university  training  and  of  residence 
at  home.  It  is  part  of  the  famous  Junior 
College  system  of  the  California  public 
schools,  and  it  has  been  developed  here  to  a 
greater  degree  than  anywhere  else,  carrying 
students  forward  to  the  beginning  of  the 
junior  year  in  college. 

In  the  kindergarten  there  is  one  certified 
instructor  for  every  twenty-five  youngsters. 

The  recognized  standing  of  the  schools 
rests  upon  the  exceptional  personnel  of 
faculty  and  instructors  from  kindergarten  to 
Junior  College,  and  equally  upon  the  build- 
ings and  facilities. 

The  open-air  type  of  school  building 
reaches  its  perfect  development  here  because 
it  can  be  used  the  year  "round,  and  the  San 
Diego  type  was  awarded  first  prize  in  a 
State  architectural  competition  where  more 
than  400  plans  were  submitted.     The  usual 


High  School  and  Junior  College  Group. 


modern  type  of  two-story  grade  school  also 
is  found,  and  in  all  buildings  the  equipment 
and  facilities  are  exceptional.  Manual 
training,  including  wood  work  and  some 
machine  work,  is  given  in  the  grade  schools, 
which  also  are  well  equipped  with  domestic 
science  laboratories.  Facilities  for  courses 
in  science  and  technology  are  excellent, 
both  in  the  grade  and  high  schools,  and 
these  departments  have  developed  rapidly 
in  addition  to  the  regular  academic  courses. 

The  psychological  laboratories  of  the 
schools  are  conceded  to  be  more  complete 
than  those  of  the  largest  cities  in  the  coun- 
try. Two  highly  trained  psychologists  give 
their  entire  time  to  the  consideration  of  the 
mental  development  and  adaptability  of  all 
students,  and  thus,  while  no  child  is  crowded 
beyond  his  capacity,  every  student  has  full 
opportunity  to  progress. 

The  well-being  of  all  students  is  clearly 
understood  to  include  their  physical  comfort, 
and  so,  in  addition  to  the  many  athletic 


diversions,  the  high  school  .and  some  of  the 
grade  schools  maintain  their  own  cafeterias, 
where  a  good  luncheon  of  soup  and  sand- 
wiches may  be  had  for  ten  cents.  These 
cafeterias  are  maintained  in  co-operation 
with  the  Parent-Teacher  Association,  which 
furnishes  the  dishes  and  supervises  the 
purchases  and  management.  Even  in  the 
kindergarten,  the  morning's  instruction  is 
interrupted  by  a  glass  of  milk  for  every 
child  that  wants  it.  The  advice  of  a  school 
physician  is  available  without  cost  to  any 
child  requiring  medical  attention,  and  a 
school  dentist,  in  necessary  cases,  remedies 
defective  teeth.  Six  nurses  also  are  employed. 
San  Diego's  public  schools  were  among 
the  first  to  take  advantage  of  the  so-called 
Smith-Hughes  act,  under  which  special 
provision  is  made,  with  the  assistance  of  the 
federal  government,  for  the  instruction  of 
adults  in  dressmaking,  cooking,  and  plain 
sewing,  and  these  classes  have  large  enroll- 
ments.    Under  this  act,  if  twelve  persons 


Photographed  December  12,  1919— a  grade  school 


agree  to  take  any  subject,  not  already  on 
the  school's  schedule,  a  class  will  be  formed 
and  competent  instructors  provided,  and  if 
it  is  impossible  for  the  pupils  to  attend  the 
school,  the  class  work  will  be  brought  to  the 
group. 

As  elsewhere  in  the  state,  all  books  are 
free  to  all  students,  and  an  excellent 
reference  library  is  maintained  at  the  high 
school.  The  enrollment,  teaching  force  and 
investments  in  the  public  schools  are  as 
follows : 


State    Instruc- 
Enrollmcnt        tors 


Annual 
Maintenance 


Junior  College 125 

S.  D.    High    and 

Evening  School.  5457 
Elementary  Sch'ls  9106 

Kindergartens 1429 

Principals  and 

supervisors 


143    $213,580.00 


258 
30 

47 


360,277.00 
35,349.00 


Totals. 


16,117    478   $609,206.00 


Valuation  of  school  property : 

Land $    524,440.00 

Buildings 1,301,951.00 

Equipment 83,665.00 

Total $1,910,056.00 

A  normal  school  with  buildings  and 
equipment  valued  at  a  quarter  of  a  million 
dollars  runs  on  an  all-year  calendar  of  four 
quarters,  twelve  weeks  each,  because  of  the 
remarkably  cool  and  even  climate,  and 
emphasizes  physical  as  well  as  cultural 
training. 

In  addition  to  the  public  schools,  there 
are  a  number  of  private  schools  of  excep- 
tional excellence,  the  largest  being  the 
Bishop's  School  for  girls  at  La  Jolla,  twelve 
miles  from  downtown,  and  overlooking  the 
sea. 

For  boys  there  is  the  San  Diego  Army  and 
Navy  academy  at  Pacific  Beach,  within  the 
city  limits;  and  in  the  city  also  are  the 


All  this  shrubbery  and  foliage  grew  in  two  years 


Francis  Parker  school  and  the  Academy  of 
Our  Lady  of  Peace. 

In  San  Diego,  as  elsewhere,  the  shopping 
district  is  a  sure  index  to  the  taste  and 
character  of  its  residents,  because  merchants 
carry  in  stock  what  men  and  women  want 
to  buy.  So  window  and  display  counter 
mirror  back  faithfully  the  preference  of  the 
purchasing  public  and  the  picture  here  is  an 
attractive  one,  with  smart  retail  establish- 
ments clustered  in  the  downtown  shopping 
section. 

The  prominence  of  out-of-door  garb, 
sports  costumes,  light  wraps  for  evening 
wear,  ginghams  and  similar  fabrics,  is  an 
indication  of  the  exceptional  extent  to  which 
out-of-door  life  is  enjoyed  here. 

The  service  is  that  which  always  follows 
the  patronage  of  a  prosperous  and  educated 
clientele,  with  the  additional  advantage 
that  women  employes  never  work  more  than 
eight  hours  in  any  day,  and  so  undertake 
their  duties  free  from  worry  or  fatigue. 


Shops  of  silversmiths  and  jewelers  are 
notable,  including  one  devoted  exclusively 
to  the  display  of  gems  found  in  San  Diego 
county,  and  it  is  unnecessary  for  anyone  to 
stock  up  in  clothing  or  furnishings  before 
starting  for  San  Diego.  Whatever  is  wanted 
is  to  be  found  in  the  shopping  district. 

Exceptional  hotel  and  apartment  house 
accommodations  in  San  Diego  arise  from 
exceptional  conditions.  Always  a  hospitable 
city,  the  facilities  for  entertainment  of  the 
thousands  who  come  annually  to  spend 
either  the  winter  or  the  summer,  were 
augmented  to  provide  for  the  millions  who 
attended  the  Panama  California  Exposition 
of  1915  and  1916.  So  it  came  that,  in 
addition  to  splendid  hostelries  whose  ball 
rooms  and  porches  are  as  familiar  to  world 
travelers  as  those  of  Shepard's  hotel  at 
Cairo  or  the  Grand  at  Yokohama,  visitors 
and  residents  enjoy  unusual  opportunities 
for  selection  among  a  large  number  of  other 
thoroughly  modern  establishments. 


"Shade  trees''  are  primarily  decorative,  because  it's  cool  in  summer 


Department  stores,  hotels  and  office 
buildings,  all  are  refreshingly  free  from  the 
dinge  and  grime  which  comes  from  unclean 
air.  Many  of  them  are  white,  and  with 
the  broad  streets,  the  palm  bordered  plaza 
with  its  illuminated  fountain,  and  the  blue 
bay  sparkling  at  the  foot  of  nearly  every 
thoroughfare,  the  downtown  district  is  a 
model  for  city  builders,  and  a  daily  inspir- 
ation to  business  men  and  shoppers. 

The  ten  banks  and  trust  companies  of  the 
city,  ably  and  conservatively  managed,  with 
a  capital  of  more  than  three  million  dollars 
and  deposits  of  nearly  thirty  millions,  bul- 
wark and  support  many  developing  enter- 
prises. Their  radius  of  activity  is  not 
limited  even  by  increasing  commerce  of  the 
city  proper  and  its  oceanic  connections,  but 
reaches  a  hundred  and  fifty  miles  to  the 
east  with  branch  banks  lending  vigorous 
support  to  the  development  of  the  Imperial 
Valley. 


About  one  hundred  religious  congrega- 
tions representing  all  of  the  denominations 
ordinarily  found  in  a  city  of  considerable 
size  are  located  in  various  parts  of  the  city, 
with  about  fifteen  thousand  members.  The 
church  structures  are  modern  and  attractive 
and  the  wholesome  influence  of  church 
life  is  felt  throughout  the  community. 

In  her  theatres,  San  Diego  is  spared  the 
misfortune  of  being  either  a  producing 
center,  or  a  city  where  hopeful  playwrights 
try  out  their  productions.  Established  suc- 
cesses of  the  most  satisfactory  sort  fill  the 
bills  of  the  city's  theatres.  Actors  and 
musicians  of  national  and  international 
fame  follow  one  another  through  the  season. 
In  addition  there  is  an  exceptionally  able 
and  versatile  stock  company  and  a  plentiful 
supply  of  motion  picture  houses  where  the 
best  productions  are  seen.  The  theatre 
buildings  are  particularly  good.  In  one  of 
them  the  illumination  of  the  entire  lobby — 
nearly  as  large  as  the  theater  itself — is  by 


A  mid-winter  visit  to  the  neighbors 


lights  gleaming  through  the  onyx  panels  of 
the  walls;  and  accommodations  in  all  are 
satisfactory. 

Both  the  cultural  and  business  activities 
of  the  city  function  extensively  through  the 
public  library,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  that, 
according  to  statistics,  assembled  for  the 
year  1918,  the  circulation  of  public  library 
books  in  San  Diego  was  the  second  largest 
per  inhabitant,  among  thirty  representative 
cities,  and  is  approximately  that  of  a  usual 
city  of  more  than  two  hundred  thousand 
inhabitants.  Particular  attention  has  been 
given  to  the  development  of  this  library 
along  the  lines  adapted  especially  to  the 
needs  of  the  community,  and  its  exceptional 
collections  of  historical  and  romantic  infor- 
mation are  on  a  par  with  its  fund  of  business 
information  and  its  supply  of  modern  litera- 
ture. 

To  the  thoroughly  modern  attractions  and 
advantages  of  the  city  are  added  the  wistful 
and  alluring  interests  and  memorials  of  days 


gone  by.  Nestling  under,  a  hill  crowned 
with  modern  residences,  and  close  to  a 
stream  of  motor  traffic  along  a  main  high- 
way, stands  a  cross  to  mark  the  location 
of  the  first  Spanish  fort,  where  cactus  walls 
kept  out  the  Indians,  and  where  the  first 
mission  services  were  held.  This  is  Old 
Town,  the  site  of  the  original  city  of  San 
Diego, — the  Plymouth  Rock  of  the  Pacific 
Coast.  Close  to  the  cross  stand  two  tall 
palms,  said  to  have  been  planted  by  Father 
Junipero  Serra,  the  indefatigable  Franciscan 
who  founded  here  the  first  of  the  California 
Missions. 

From  this  beginning  sprang  a  chain  of 
missions  extending  hundreds  of  miles  along 
the  coast  and  founded  either  by  Father 
Serra  himself  or  his  devoted  co-workers. 
Each  mission  came  to  be  the  fountain  of 
material  as  well  as  spiritual  comfort  for  all 
the  surrounding  territory.  Thus,  the 
Mission  of  San  Luis  Rey  de  Francia  in 
1834  held  property  valued  at  more  than  two 


The  foliage  is  always  just  like  this 


hundred  thousand  dollars,  including  about 
twenty-five  thousand  head  of  cattle  and  a 
like  number  of  sheep. 

From  these  missions  largely  came  the 
supply  of  hides  that  Yankee  ships  carried 
around  Cape  Horn  to  be  made  into  shoes  at 
Boston,  a  commerce  familiar  to  all  readers  of 
Dana's  "Two  Years  Before  the  Mast." 

The  Missions  were  centers  of  hospitality 
and  every  traveler  was  made  welcome. 
It  is  generally  conceded  that  the  Indian 
neophytes  reached  a  higher  stage  of  civiliz- 
ation and  comfort  under  the  direction  of  the 
Fathers  than  they  ever  knew  before  that 
time.  The  Mission  San  Diego  was  the 
scene  of  the  first  martyrdom  in  California. 
Here  Father  Luis  Juame  was  beaten  down  in 
an  uprising  created,  according  to  some 
authorities,  by  the  unwise  acts  of  the  soldiers 
of  the  fort.  The  story  told  to  all  visitors 
by  the  aged  caretaker  at  Mission  San  Diego 
is  of  itself  a  narrative  convincing  in  its 
art  ICMMM 


Near  the  cross  and  palms  on  the  site'of 
the  first  fort  is  a  finely  preserved  type  of 
ancient  Spanish  hacienda,  known  as 
Ramona's  Marriage  Place,  with  a  patio, 
luxuriant  with  flowers,  an  ancient  oven,  a 
wishing  well  and  many  rooms  stored  with 
authentic  relics  of  the  early  days.  An 
American  flag  waves  in  front,  from  a  staff 
planted  where  John  C.  Fremont  in 
1846  raised  the  first  American  flag  in 
Southern  California,  and  nearby  a  sturdy 
adobe  building  bears  a  tablet  showing  that 
it  was  American  headquarters  during  the 
Mexican  war. 

San  Diego  has  always  been  a  favorite 
station  with  officers  and  men  of  the  army 
and  navy,  but  it  remained  for  the  sure  tests 
of  war  emergencies  to  demonstrate  fully  its 
superior  advantages.  General  after  general, 
commanding  at  Camp  Kearny,  from  which 
more  than  fifty  thousand  men  were  sent 
overseas,  reported  officially  that  because  of 
climatic    conditions    and    wholesome    sur- 


Scores  of  Churches  with  a  welcome 


roundings  the  efficiency  records  of  men  and 
commands  stationed  here  were  above  those 
of  any  other  camp;  and  the  government, 
acting  upon  these  repeated  reports,  has 
entered  upon  a  program  of  shore  construc- 
tion for  the  army  and  navy  requiring  more 
than  twenty  million  dollars  for  its  com- 
pletion, and  has  stationed  here  one  hundred 
and  sixty  warships  of  the  Pacific  fleet  with 
their  complement  of  twelve  thousand  men. 

With  every  branch  of  war  service  repre- 
sented, it  is  a  conspicuous  tribute  to  the 
even  temperature  and  continual  sunshine 
that  both  the  army  and  navy  have  estab- 
lished here  their  air  service  headquarters  and 
training  schools. 

The  navy  air  service  station  on  North 
Island  is  and  will  be  the  largest  in  the 
country  and  the  permanent  buildings 
already  planned  for  its  accommodations  are 
to  cost  in  the  neighborhood  of  six  million 
dollars.  Every  day  in  the  year  is  flying 
day  at  San  Diego  and  it  is  the  home  station 


for  the  Mexican  border  patrol.  In  addition 
to  Rockwell  field,  the  army  air  service 
station  at  North  Island,  two  other  fields  are 
available  and  were  in  active  use  through  the 
war. 

There  are  also  here  the  naval  fuel  base, 
the  marine  training  station,  accommodating 
a  brigade,  two  radio  stations,  a  marine 
railway  and  rifle  range.  Sites  for  a  naval 
hospital  to  cost  one  million  dollars  and  for 
the  largest  naval  training  station  on  the 
Pacific  coast  have  been  tendered  by  the  city 
and  citizens  of  San  Diego,  and  accepted  by 
the  government. 

The  city's  commercial  field,  reaching 
clear  across  the  Pacific,  has  been  tremen- 
dously enlarged  by  the  opening  of  the  San 
Diego  and  Arizona  Railway.  The  cotton 
lands  of  Arizona  and  the  Imperial  Valley, 
amounting  in  1920  to  more  than  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  thousand  acres,  in  addition  to 
all  cotton  raised  in  the  northern  portion  of 
the  Mexican  province  of  Lower  California, 


Sunny  avenues,  and  stately  buildings,—  Balboa  Park 


now  have  direct  access  to  the  ocean  at  San 
Diego,  and  this  is  true  also  of  other  produce 
and  cattle,  and  the  minerals  of  Arizona. 

The  gross  revenue  from  Arizona  and 
Imperial  Valley  cotton  in  1919  was  fifty 
million  dollars,  and  imports  from  Mexico 
amounted  to  fifteen  million  dollars  addi- 
tional. The  yield  in  the  Imperial  Valley  is 
the  richest  reported  anywhere  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  reaching 
in  places  between  three-quarters  to  one 
bale  per  acre.  The  boll  weavil  is  unknown. 
To  see  five  million  dollars"  worth  of  cotton 
on  the  loading  platforms  at  Calexico  is  not 
uncommon,  and  it  is  now  possible  with  only 
a  short  haul  to  manufacture  this  cotton  for 
export  at  the  water's  edge.  The  great 
cotton  fields  of  Texas  are  scarcely  more 
distant  from  San  Diego  than  from  Galves- 
ton. 

The  Valley,  formerly  a  part  of  San  Diego 
county,  is  the  richest  farm  land  in  the 


world,  and  its  crops  know  no  seasons. 
January  is  an  exceptionally  busy  time  for 
the  Imperial  Valley  farmer,  and  so  is  nearly 
every  other  month.  The  soil  is  silt  washed 
down  during  uncounted  ages  by  the  Colo- 
rado river,  and  is  hundreds  of  feet  deep  in 
places.  From  a  district  of  six  thousand 
acres,  irrigated  by  water  from  the  Colorado 
river  in  June,  1901,  the  cultivated  portion 
of  the  valley  has  leaped  to  525,000  acres, 
on  which  nearly  everything  grows  in 
astonishing  abundance,  and  ripens  earlier 
than  almost  anywhere  else. 

The  whole  valley  is  a  riot  of  unbelievable 
productivity  throughout  the  year.  Its  can- 
taloupes go  out  by  the  trainload,  as  fast  as 
cars  can  be  provided.  The  crop  in  1919  was 
sold  for  $9,275,000  and  filled  seven  thousand 
eight  hundred  railroad  cars.  Shipments  of 
these  cantaloupes  brought  a  premium  at 
Atlanta.  Georgia,  the  heart  of  the  southern 
cantaloupe  district. 


Formal  Gardens— Balboa  Park 


Twenty-five  thousand  acres  given  over  to 
vineyards  produce  a  maximum  of  seven 
tons  of  grapes  per  acre  under  careful  culti- 
vation, bringing  one  hundred  and  twenty 
dollars  a  ton.  The  daily  output  of  milk  is 
four  hundred  thousand  pounds,  and  five 
million  pounds  of  butter  are  produced 
annually  in  the  valley.  Honey,  dates, 
broom  corn,  turkeys,  sheep  growing,  beef 
cattle  fattened  on  milo  maize,  corn  and 
grasses,  and  swine,  are  other  products  of  the 
valley,  and,  curiously  enough,  this  valley 
with  its  hot  days  and  nights,  now  and  then 
ships  a  surplus  of  ice  to  Wyoming  from  the 
great  ice  and  refrigerating  plant  at  Brawley. 
In  the  Salton  sea,  which  lies  280  feet  below 
sea  level,  and  which  was  created  by  an  over- 
flow of  the  Colorado  river,  mullet  abound, 
and  some  are  shipped  out  to  seaports. 

There  is  no  more  prosperous  region  in  the 
world.  On  an  average  two  carloads  of 
automobiles  were  shipped  into  the  valley 
every  week  last  year. 


For  the  products  of  the  Valley  the  San 
Diego  and  Arizona  Railway  provides 
a  new  and  much  shorter  outlet  to  the 
Pacific  Coast.  The  railroad,  itself,  is  one 
of  the  engineering  marvels  of  the  continent, 
built  up  through  Carriso  gorge,  a  stupen- 
dous canyon  where  Nature  never  meant  a 
railroad  to  go,  and  thus  affording  travelers 
a  trip  memorable  for  its  scenic  majesty. 

It  leads  twice  into  Lower  California, 
that  always  peaceful  portion  of  Old  Mexico, 
and  runs  directly  across  the  Imperial  Valley, 
connecting  with  the  Southern  Pacific  and 
Rock  Island  to  complete  the  transcontinental 
belt. 

The  story  of  the  construction  of  this  road 
is  as  interesting  as  the  country  it  traverses, 
and  the  development  which  it  provides. 
Undertaken  in  1906  by  John  D.  Spreckels, 
a  capitalist,  at  the  instance  of  Southern 
Pacific  officials,  construction  was  dropped 
by  that  road  upon  the  death  of  E.  H.  Harri- 


The  Rose  Garden  at  Balboa  Park 


man,  and  thereafter  Spreckels  went  ahead 
using  his  own  money. 

Eventually  a  change  in  Southern  Pacific 
management  again  made  co-operative  enter- 
prise possible  and  the  road  was  completed 
on  a  basis  of  half  and  half  ownership,  being 
formally  opened  to  traffic  December  1 ,  1919. 

Always  the  nearest  United  States  port  to 
the  Great  Circle  route  from  the  Panama 
Canal  to  the  Orient,  the  bay  of  San  Diego 
is  the  natural  focus  for  the  Oriental  export 
trade  of  the  Middle  West. 

Its  harbor  accommodations,  more  than 
adequate  for  the  necessities  of  this  com- 
manding position,  furnish  scenes  of  unending 
interest  and  commercial  importance,  like 
the  great  log  rafts,  each  containing  five 
million  feet  of  lumber,  which  are  floated 
down  from  Puget  Sound,  here  to  be  sawed 
into  timbers  and  planking.  The  fishing 
industry,  starting  with  a  capital  of  $10,000 
and  no  boats  in  1911,  now  represents  an 
investment  of  $1,500,000,  with  boats  valued 


at  $750,000,  and  with  its  canneries,  employs 
thousands  ashore  and  afloat. 

To  say  that  the  bay  has  an  area  of  twenty- 
two  square  miles  tells,  perhaps,  less  about  it 
than  the  terse  phrase  of  Admiral  Hugh 
Rodman,  commanding  the  Pacific  fleet,  who 
brought  in  a  string  of  the  world's  largest 
dreadnaughts  without  pilots  on  their  first 
visit.  "I  could  have  brought  them  in  side- 
wise",  was  the  admiral's  way  of  putting  it. 

On  almost  any  day,  from  the  entrance  of 
the  bay,  the  line  of  gray  warriors  reaches 
clear  to  the  horizon,  with  dozens  of  des- 
troyers and  other  smaller  craft  snugly 
packed  along  the  piers,  or  steaming  out  to 
sea  for  drills  and  gun  practice  on  the 
maneuver  grounds  of  the  fleet. 

A  deepwater  anchorage  of  1,500  feet  wide 
by  five  miles  long,  a  channel  seventy-nine 
feet  deep  in  places  at  the  entrance,  thirty- 
eight  feet  of  water  over  the  bar,  and  a 
freedom  from  high  winds  and  inclement 
weather,  all  are  found  here. 


The  Voice  of  the  Sea 


Its  great  natural  attraction  as  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  harbors  in  the  world  is 
steadily  increasing  because  of  the  splendid 
types  of  government  buildings  already 
erected,  and  to  be  erected.  These  were 
especially  designed  by  the  architect  of  the 
Panama  California  Exposition. 

Frontage  still  available  for  private  use 
confirms  the  harbor's  preeminence  among 
Pacific  ports,  not  only  for  export,  manu- 
facture, and  trade,  but  as  a  free  port,  and 
in  this  respect  its  close  connection  with  the 

East  also  is  a  factor  of  importance. 

*       *       * 

Confident  in  the  opportunities  of  the 
future,  citizens  of  San  Diego,  California,  are 
proud  of  their  city  because  of  what  it  already 
possesses. 

For  the  man,  woman  or  family  whose 
industry  and  ability  has  provided  even  a 
moderate  competence,  the  blue  Pacific,  the 
sparkling  bay,  the  mountains,  the  valleys, 
the  continual  sunshine,  the  distinctly  metro- 
politan tone  of  its  business  life,  the  variety 


/of  its  diversions  and  the  remarkably  few 
I  days  on  which  they  may  not  be  enj  oyed  out- 
of-doors,  all  help  to  make  the  city  an  espe- 
cially desirable  place  to  live. 

Its  advantages  include  the  "necessaries, 
conveniences  and  amusements  of  human 
life",  which  the  great  economist  declared 
are  the  things  that  really  make  people  rich, 
and  these  may  be  enjoyed  here  in  greater 
abundance  than  elsewhere  and  at  less  ex- 
pense. 

Year  in,  year  out,  life  in  San  Diego  is 
never  the  same  but  always  delightful. 

You  will  live  more  here  than  elsewhere 
because  there  are  more  opportunities,  and 
because  there  are  more  pleasant  days  in 
which  these  opportunities  may  be  enjoyed. 

Free  from  climatic  stresses,  surrounded 
by  flowers  and  foliage,  gathering  roses  in 
January  as  in  June,  and  rich  in  all  the 
beauties  of  mountain  and  sea,  with  its 
steady  current  of  vigorous  business,  social 
and  recreational  life,  this  is  the  ideal  city 
for  your  permanent  home. 


5ai>PLe5° 


California  Club 


